Keperluan SOP Khusus untuk Tahanan dan Penyiasatan Individu Autisme
Necessity of Standard Operation Procedure for Detention and Interrogation of Individual with Autism
Abstract
Autism is one group of neurological disorder that affects one’s communication skills, social interaction and repetitive and stereotype behavior. Due to their behavior, they tend to have obsessive interest, no empathy and moral reasoning. Previous cases in Western countries show that some of them are also involved with serious criminal offences such as killing, arson, random shooting, cybercrime and sexual offences. In Malaysia, increasing amount of autism with the ratio of 1 to 68 of normal or mentally sound individual resulted in the necessity to address specific legal rights of autism who may involve in criminal. Meanwhile, the standard operation procedure (SOP) used during detention and interrogation procedure of mentally sound individual is also applied towards any suspect including individual with autism. The enforcement of the SOP eventually lead to arises of various problems, reaction and question from the aspect of the validity of the action and legal rights of autism. The objective of the study is to analyze the character of autism that tends to criminal’s behavior and the need to create specific SOP for detention and interrogation of individual with autism. The research framework is content analysis. The method of gathering data is semi-structure interview with police, senior counselor and psychiatrist in the field of autism as well as teachers of special education programmed. The implication of the discussion discovers the need to have specific SOP of detention and interrogation for individual with autism in order to guarantee criminal legal rights of individual with autism.
ABSTRAK
Autisme adalah satu kumpulan dalam kecelaruan neuorologi yang memberi kesan terhadap kemahiran berkomunikasi, interaksi sosial dan tingkah laku yang berulang-ulang. Tingkah laku mereka menyebabkan mereka obsesi terhadap sesuatu minat, kurangnya empati dan moral reasoning. Kes lalu di negara Barat membuktikan mereka terlibat dengan jenayah serius seperti membunuh, membakar bangunan, melepaskan tembakan secara rambang kesalahan siber dan kesalahan seksual. Di Malaysia, berlaku peningkatan bilangan autisme pada tahun 2018 dengan anggaran 1 nisbah 68 individu normal menyebabkan adanya keperluan khusus untuk mengkaji hak undang-undang mereka jika individu autisme juga mungkin terlibat dalam aktiviti salah laku jenayah. Prosedur operasi standard (SOP) dalam tangkapan, penahanan dan soal siasat individu tipikal setakat ini digunapakai terhadap golongan autisme yang terlibat dalam jenayah. Penguatkuasaan dan pelaksanaan SOP ini akhirnya menimbulkan pelbagai masalah, reaksi dan persoalan dari sudut kesahihan tindakan dan hak golongan autisme yang terlibat. Objektif kajian adalah mengkaji perilaku autisme yang cenderung kepada perlakuan jenayah dan keperluan mewujudkan SOP khusus untuk tahanan, penangkapan dan soal siasat individu autisme. Reka bentuk kajian adalah analisis kandungan. Kaedah pengumpulan data adalah temu bual separa berstruktur bersama pihak polis dan senior kaunselor dan psikiatri dalam bidang autism dan guru-guru pendidikan khas. Implikasi perbincangan mendapati perlu diwujudkan SOP tangkapan, penahanan dan soal siasat khusus untuk autisme bagi kegunaan pihak berkuasa seperti pegawai polis dan mahkamah untuk menjamin hak keadilan undang-undang jenayah individu autisme.
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